Continuing on their more-than-40-year journey since their 1977 launches, they each are much farther away from Earth and the sun than Pluto. Continuing on their more-than-40-year journey since their 1977 launches, they each are much farther away from Earth and the sun than Pluto. The major hurdle in the exploration of space and its utilisation is the cost factor. PIA23170: Infrared Eye Yields New Spectral Map. The mission was launched in 1997 . Our scientists and far-ranging robots explore the wild frontiers of our solar system. Cassini dived into the planet's atmosphere, sending science data for as long as its small thrusters could keep the spacecraft's antenna pointed at Earth. Inside Saturn, there are 4 spacecraft. Juno: This $1. It is invisible to the human eye, but Cassini's Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument was able to detect the. October 5, 2000. The primary goals for Artemis I are to demonstrate Orion’s systems in a. Cassini is the largest interplanetary spacecraft ever constructed by NASA. The Cassini Huygens mission launched in 1997 on 15 October. Brain Boosters (Mind Map) for UPSC, Current Affairs Brain Boosters (Mind Map), IAS Brain Boosters (Mind Map), Civil Services Examination (CSE), UPPSC Brain Boosters. Researchers have concluded that there may be unknown methane-producing. 15, 1997 aboard the Titan IVB/Centaur rocket. Cassini spacecraft had carried a probe called Huygens, which landed on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan in 2005 and provided. Saturn has a magnetosphere with a strength comparable to Earth's. The Huygens probe descended into the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, in 2005. A Cassini image taken in September 2006 revealed an amazing sight: Wispy fingers of bright, icy material extending thousands of miles from Saturn's moon Enceladus and into the E ring. NASA’s Galileo was the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. Messenger, a spacecraft by NASA was sent to map and investigate Mercury. The mission was initially named Aditya 1 which. 7. 7, 1999, and flew by asteroid Annefrank on Nov. The large difference in temperature between this hot fuel and the cold environment of. Cassini-Huygens. Saturn is also the least dense planet in the Solar System. A thrilling epoch in the exploration of our solar system came to a close today, as NASA's Cassini spacecraft made a fateful plunge into the atmosphere of Saturn, ending its 13-year tour of the ringed planet. The two craft took their names from the astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens. Nasa’s Cassini spacecraft It is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn Orbits around Saturn and its moons since 2004 It has collected and analysed dust coming from beyond our solar system Cassini is the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter orbit. UPSC Topper List. Cassini's orbit then will shrink so that instead of making its closest approach to Saturn just outside the rings. Cassini Revealed Enceladus’s Potentially Habitable Internal Ocean. This must be performed within the constraints facing the spacecraft design, namely: reliable spacecraft performance of approximately 11 years in the environment of deep space. MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) was the seventh Discovery-class mission, and the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and an entry probe. 3950x2946x3. The spacecraft will then reconfigure for a near-real-time date relay during the final plunge. It stands 6. The area of an ellipse is given by A = π a b, where b is half the short axis. S. Cassini Spacecraft -Objectives, Significance, Discovery, Working and Cassini Mission. Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched. The name of the spacecraft is Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and “Cassini Huygens”. The spacecraft entered Saturn's orbit on July 1, 2004, and conducted numerous flybys of Saturn's moons, including Titan, Enceladus,. , Yam, C. 15, 1997, the mission entered orbit around Saturn on June 30, 2004 (PDT), carrying the European. Cassini, like all orbiting spacecraft far from Earth, has limited fuel reserves, on both of its two fuel sources. Messenger, a spacecraft by NASA was sent to map and investigate Mercury. RELEASE 13-370. Patterson, C. A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG), sometimes referred to as a radioisotope power system (RPS), is a type of nuclear battery that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect. Cassini will end its mission with 22 daring loops passing through the gap between Saturn and its rings. The Cassini Orbiter's mission consists of delivering a probe (called Huygens, provided by ESA) to Titan, and then remaining in orbit around Saturn for. There are six papers in the MPSC Mains exam and each paper covers a substantial amount of. Messenger, a spacecraft by NASA was sent to map and investigate Mercury. 2. , and Longuski, J. On July 1, 2004, the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft flew through the gap between the F and G rings and achieved orbit, after a seven-year voyage. This video shows Cassini’s last two Grand Finale orbits, followed by a distant flyby of Titan that pushes the spacecraft into Saturn (final half orbit,. On 1 July 2004 the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft arrived at Saturn. View of Saturn from Cassini, taken in March 2004, shortly before the spacecraft's orbital insertion in July 2004. 2. Before Cassini, scientists viewed Saturn’s unique features only from Earth and from three spacecraft flying by. This begins a four-year study of the giant planet, its majestic rings and 31 known. 15. The mission ended in 2017. The Cassini spacecraft — named after the 17th-century astronomer Giovanni Cassini — launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, in. First to orbit Saturn. The terms ‘Event Horizon’, ‘Singularity’, ‘String Theory’ and ‘Standard Model’ are sometimes seen in the news in the context of (2017) (a) Observation and understanding of the Universe. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft: Findings: NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has made the following discoveries in the moons of Saturn by flying through their plumes: Titan has methane in its atmosphere. Chose the correct statements?a)Only1b)Only2c)Both 1 and 2d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Cassini–Huygens is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn. ; It was a robotic spacecraft orbiting Saturn and studying the Saturnian system in detail. Launched on Oct. m. 26 billion Cassini-Huygens mission — a joint effort by NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency — launched in 1997 and arrived at the Saturn system in 2004. NASA’s Artemis mission is touted as the next generation of lunar exploration, and is named after the twin sister of Apollo from Greek mythology. With the Artemis programme,. The objective was to determine the dynamic behaviour of the rings of. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ? Spacecraft: Purpose 1. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) Mains level : Major monetary policy decisions by RBI. Cassini-Huygens: Orbiting the Venus and transmitting data to the Earth: 2. Nasa’s Cassini spacecraft has met its demise as it plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere this morning where it was vaporised within minutes in a meteoric. The mission will succeed NASA’s Cassini probe, which ended its 13-year mission orbiting Saturn in September 2017 by diving into Saturn’s atmosphere. The. It is a joint endeavor of NASA and ISRO. NASA’s Voyager 2 Enters Interstellar Space. 1. -IA) was launched from –. During Cassini's final months, the spacecraft's cameras captured views from within the gap between the planet and the rings, and the mission is releasing two new image mosaics showing the rings from that unique perspective. m. 29, 2007, at a distance of approximately 2. 75 per cent. m. 1 billion NASA spacecraft launched in August 2011 and is slated to arrive at Jupiter in August 2016. Another highlight was Titan, which also surprised scientists. During Cassini's planned four-year tour it will orbit Saturn 76 times and execute 52 close encounters with seven of Saturn's 31 known moons. The Cassini orbiter was designed to orbit Saturn and conduct numerous scientific investigations, while the Huygens probe was designed to descend to the surface of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. When liquid propellant is added, the spacecraft’s total mass becomes 5,574 kilograms (12,263 pounds). In 2005. In this article, you can read all about the Gaganyaan Mission for the IAS exam. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft after studying Saturn, its rings and moons for more than 12 years, has entered in the final year of its epic voyage. The plan prevented it crashing into and contaminating the moons Titan or Enceladus, which. 1. The Cassini spacecraft releases the European Space Agency-built Huygens probe at Saturn's moon Titan. 2 billion miles (1. Gaganyaan Mission [UPSC Notes] ISRO’s first human space flight programme Gaganyaan is an important topic for the UPSC exam, coming under the science and technology section. India Yearbook Chapter on science technology- although cost:Benefit seems to be declining. In reality, the high-gain foldable antenna failed to deploy in flight. NASA's Cassini spacecraft went behind Saturn and took this picture in 2013. NASA's Cassini spacecraft is back in contact with Earth after its successful first-ever dive through the narrow gap between the planet Saturn and its rings on April 26, 2017. The mission has been a major success. Called the "Grand Finale," the months-maneuver is meant to protect possible alien life on Saturn's ocean-hiding moons. During the Saturn Orbit Insertion Cassini-Huygens approached Saturn from below the ring plane. It was named for Giovanni Cassini, a 17th-century astronomer who was the first to observe four of Saturn's moons. UPSC CSAT 2023 Question Paper. The mission ended in 2017 when Cassini spacecraft plunged into Saturn itself. Webster. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. 7 meters) length and 13 feet (4 meters) width. Cassini was a robotic spacecraft that arrived at Saturn on July 1, 2004 Universal Time (June 30 in U. The mission produced surprising findings about Venus, including a relatively young planetary surface possibly formed by lava flows from planet-wide volcanic eruptions. You can see seven of its moons and its inner rings. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. Cassini-Huygens For more than a decade, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft shared the wonders of Saturn and its family of icy moons—taking us to astounding worlds where methane rivers run to a methane sea and where jets of ice and gas are blasting material into space from a liquid water ocean that might harbor the ingredients for life. The Huygens probe was attached to Cassini. Cassini-Huygens. The Cassini spacecraft’s Grand Finale flybys through Saturn’s ionosphere provided unprecedented insight into the composition and dynamics of the gas giant’s upper atmosphere and a novel and. Cassini expanded our understanding of the kinds of worlds where life might exist. 9, 2008, just after coming within 25 kilometers (15. Cassini ended up doing two extended missions that total nine years at Saturn, but in 2005 only the primary mission had been approved. 1 million kilometers (1. 40 lessons • 7h 15m . Dragonfly mission is a part of. Voyager 2 is currently operating in temperatures of just about 38. To determine the size and state of the core. NASA’s Artemis mission is touted as the next generation of lunar exploration, and is named after the twin sister of Apollo from Greek mythology. EnVision Mission will be ESA’s next Venus orbiter, providing a holistic view of the planet from its inner core to upper atmosphere to determine how and why Venus and Earth evolved so differently. find n-1th, nth and (n+1)-th Fibonacci numbers. The spacecraft was launched with two elements: the Cassini orbiter. Mains: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology. […] Diagram of an RTG used on the Cassini probe. First launched into Earth orbit in 1961, RPS have flown on 31 U. Cassini was a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). Cassini’s remaining life is now measured in days. The Cassini orbiter weighed approximately 4,685 pounds i. It was the first mission in NASA’s New Frontiers program, a medium-class, competitively selected, and principal. Before its 20-year mission ends, NASA's Cassini spacecraft flew past Saturn's jumbo moon Titan one last time. wide and weighs roughly 12,000 pounds. Earth flyby gravity assist: October 2013. It was a joint collaboration between NASAand European Space Agency. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft is providing scientists with key clues about Saturn’s moon Titan, and in particular, its hydrocarbon lakes and seas. 3. Having expended almost every bit of the rocket propellant it carried to Saturn, operators deliberately plunged Cassini into the planet to ensure Saturn’s moons remain pristine for future exploration—in particular, the. Those final daredevil orbits allowed Cassini to measure the gravity of Saturn and its rings independent of one another. The Cassini Orbiter's mission consists of delivering a probe (called Huygens, provided by ESA) to Titan, and then remaining in orbit around Saturn for detailed studies of the planet and its rings and satellites. Skip Navigation. The spacecraft is in the process of emptying its onboard solid-state recorder of all science data, prior to reconfiguring for a near-real-time data. Q. The spacecraft is in. Between 2028 and 2030, these missions will launch. The spacecraft measures 22 ft. UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper. Cassini showed in great detail Saturn’s real marvels, a vast planet controlled by violent storms and subtle gravity harmonies. Cassini is the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter orbit. NASA’s real-time science encyclopedia of deep space exploration. Planning the death of a billion-dollar project is a calculated and emotional endeavor. Jupiter orbit entry: 4th July 2016. m. <!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--> Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched with regards to the spacecraft and the purpose of its launch? 1. "This is the final chapter of an amazing mission, but it’s also a new beginning,” said. Spacecraft: Purpose: 1. Cassini is pictured above Saturn's northern hemisphere prior to making a. One view, from May 28, 2017, shows the rings emerging from behind the planet's hazy limb, while the planet itself. In August 2012, Voyager 1 made the historic entry into interstellar space, the region between. In its epic voyage, the Cassini spacecraft will make the closest-ever observations of the planet. 2017: Cassini Spacecraft: Achievements & Grand Finale prepared with UPSC CSE - GS course curated by Dipesh Saini on Unacademy to prepare for the toughest competitive exam. Q. The camera was pointing toward Rhea at 26,019 miles (41,873 kilometers) away. 2. The mains exam will be worth 900 points and will consist of four papers: one on general Hindi, two on. A magnetosphere is a magnetic envelope of charged particles that surrounds some planets, including Earth. Cassini had to be crashed into Saturn to preserve the pristine environments of Enceladus and Titan, as they have the potential to support life. A joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Cassini is send-ing a sophisti-cated robotic spacecraft to orbit the ringed planet and study the Saturnian system in detailNASA’s real-time science encyclopedia of deep space exploration. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. Cassini carried a passenger to the Saturn system, the European Huygens probe—the first human-made object to land on a world in the distant outer solar system. कैसिनी- ह्यूजेन्स (Cassini-Huygens) एक मानव रहित अंतरिक्ष यान है, जो 2004 से हमारे सौर मंडल के दूसरे सबसे बड़े ग्रह शनि और उसके प्राकृतिक उपग्रहों. SSPL via Getty Images. It was launched in 1997 and entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004. Cassini Spacecraft हिंदी में ब्रेन बूस्टर के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें. He discovered four of Saturn’s moons: Iapetus, Rhea, Tethys, and Dione. At closest approach, the spacecraft flew within about 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) of the moon. 7 kilograms (72 pounds) of plutonium to power the spacecraft and its instruments. Dennis Matson, project scientist for the Cassini-Huygens mission. space missions and are capable of producing heat and electricity under the harsh conditions in deep space for decades without any maintenance. The objective of Mission Lucy. A joint endeavor of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency), and the Italian space agency (ASI), Cassini was a sophisticated robotic spacecraft sent to study Saturn and its complex system of rings and moons in unprecedented detail. By Steven Siceloff, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida. 15, 1997, and spent seven years looping around the solar system before it finally reached its destination. Messenger, a spacecraft by NASA was sent to map and investigate Mercury. As it has many times over the course of the mission, Titan’s gravity will bend Cassini’s flight path. , Howell, K. An aspirant has to clear the cut-off marks decided by the commission to pass GS Paper 1 and score a minimum of 33% marks in GS Paper 2 (CSAT) to qualify prelims stage. 12: Shortly after passing Enceladus, Cassini had a non-targeted encounter of Dione. Tags: Cassini Huygens • Cassini spacecraft • ESA • International • NASACassini's Grand Finale. Nasa’s Cassini spacecraft It is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn Orbits around Saturn and its moons since 2004 It has collected and analysed dust coming from beyond our solar system Cassini is the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter orbit. Cassini mission summary. UPSC CSAT 2023 Question Paper. The Challenger disaster in January 1986 profoundly impacted the shuttle launch manifest into the 1990s, which included a number of. Cassini-Huygens: Orbiting the Venus and transmitting data to the Earth 2. Huygens Probe: In 2005, the Huygens probe descended to the surface of Titan, providing the first direct observations of Titan's surface. Download Solution PDF. 5 µA/m 2 and ISIE= 0. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. You can see the grey and tan colors. In its epic voyage, the Cassini spacecraft will make the closest-ever observations of the planet. The mission consisted of two main components: the Cassini spacecraft and the Huygens probe. In particular, Cassini discovered water-rich plumes venting from the south polar region. Or, more specifically, the ocean comes to Cassini, as the probe flies through a huge icy plume near the south. In 2017, after almost 20 years in space, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft began the final chapter of a remarkable story of exploration of the Saturn system. PDT on Sept. The Cassini spacecraft is the largest interplanetary spacecraft built by NASA. On Oct. It stands 6. Aditya-L1 Mission is India’s first solar mission planned by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Cassini-Huygens was launched on 15th October 1997. First to sample an extraterrestrial ocean. First landing in the outer solar system. Major Space Missions like Cassini-Huygens 2014 2015 Remote Sensing (from ISRO’s website) Astrosat observatory of India 2016NASA has sent its $3. 4. UPSC Cut Off. On Jan. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. Cassini plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere on Sept. NASA/JPL-Caltech. . Mrunal’s Space tech compilation; any “competitive book” Lucent GK OR; General studies manual; Or similar book on science-tech. What happened?’” recalls Spilker, Cassini’s project scientist who has worked on the mission since its inception in 1988. The correct answer is Saturn,. In astrodynamics, this energy expenditure is defined by the net. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF), an additional tool for absorbing liquidity, at an interest rate of 3. Hence, pair 1 is incorrect. Galileo was an American robotic space probe that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as the asteroids Gaspra and Ida. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. Launch: 5th August 2011. NASA’s ‘Cassini’ spacecraft is on mission for which planet ? (a) Jupiter (b) Mars (c) Saturn (d) Venus Ans:. Saturn has a magnetosphere with a strength comparable to Earth's. Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators How It Works Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) are lightweight, compact spacecraft power systems that are extraordinarily reliable. — Cassini went down fighting. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. India’s mission – in 2024, India wants to launch the Shukrayaan 1 project to Venus. revolutionised and simplified the way aspirants prepare for UPSC Civil Services Exam. That planet, those moons, those rings. The Cassini spacecraft, developed by NASA, aspires to convey the wonders of Saturn and its family of ice moons. R. A Must Portal for Competitive exams, Provides Free Newspaper, Vocabulary, Daily Current affairs, Notifications etc. Get access to the latest Cassini mission, Binary Star System prepared with UPSC CSE - GS course curated by Dr Jewa Tripathy on Unacademy to prepare for the toughest competitive exam. Earlier the name was Aditya -1, which has been renamed as Aditya-L1 Mission. Click to know more about ISRO’s Gaganyaan Space Mission for UPSC Science & Tech. To its very end, Cassini was a mission of thrilling exploration. After 20 years in space — 13 of those years. Cassini set off for Saturn on Oct. Artemis is also the goddess of the moon. Watch live on September 15 at 7 a. It was a joint collaboration between NASA and European Space Agency. It was delivered into Earth orbit on October 18, 1989, by Space Shuttle Atlantis , during STS-34. Cassini-Huygens is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Full Resolution: TIFF (7. 8 meters (22. Cassini’s mission to explore Saturn ended on Sept. Earthlings bid farewell to the Cassini spacecraft tonight as the Saturn-bound mission successfully completed a highly accurate pass of Earth at 8:28 p. Cassini expanded our understanding of the kinds of worlds where life might exist. UPSC Prelims; Mains GS-1; Home. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft will plunge into Saturn on September 15, incinerating itself after 20 years in space. This type of. It was launched in 1997 and entered Saturn’s orbit in 2004. In December 2004, towards the end of Cassini's third orbit around Saturn, the Huygens probe was ejected on a 22-day. 2. In 2004, Saturn was orbited through “Cassini” and the mission continued until the year of September 2017. Cassini entered the Saturnian system in July of 2004, at the same time releasing the Huygens probe onto Titan to uncover some of the mystery surrounding the cloudy moon. 5 degrees Fahrenheit (3. Cassini was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit. The Cassini Program was a joint mission between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and. Cassini may explain how the puzzling magnetic field of Saturn is generated. Cassini began its new mission phase, called its Ring-Grazing Orbits,. m. Chose the correct statements?a)Only1b)Only2c)Both 1 and 2d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'B'. How It Works On April 22, Cassini flew within 608 miles (979 km) of Saturn’s giant moon Titan, using the moon’s gravity to place the spacecraft on its path for the ring-gap orbits. The Cassini spacecraft takes its deepest plunge yet into an alien ocean on Wednesday. It reached the moon on Nov. It was a joint collaboration between NASA and European Space Agency. The large difference. b)Huygens Component: Huygens was a probe that landed on Saturn’s largest Moon Titan in 2005. In 2010, the spacecraft began a second, seven-year-long, extended mission called the Cassini Solstice Mission. Cassini-Huygens was a joint NASA/ESA/ASI mission. Although the task is simple i. 1. Most of what we know about the Kuiper Belt comes from ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope. The spacecraft passed within about 1,200 miles (2,000 kilometers) of the dark moon. 15, 2017 with a deliberate plunge into Saturn’s atmosphere. 6 degrees Celsius), and for each year that passes the spacecraft's power production drops 4 watts. Cassini-Huygens revealed Titan to be one of the most Earth-like worlds we’ve encountered and shed light. Now in a second extended phase called the Solstice Mission, the Cassini spacecraft will continue to gather data as directed by the reference trajectory until 2017. Credits: NASA/Ames Research Center. RELEASE. Jan. Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech. The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's Cassini probe and ESA's Huygens lander, which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. Cassini Spacecraft: Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims: Satellite Launch Vehicle: Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) 100 Difference between Articles for Revision: IN-SPACe: Earth Observation Satellite EOS-O1: NISAR: GSLV Mk-III16. Cassini captured this image of Enceladus, with. NASA. 6 miles) of the surface of Enceladus, NASA's Cassini captured this stunning mosaic as the spacecraft sped away from this geologically active moon of Saturn. Search Here. Titan is one of the most Earth-like places in the solar system, and the only place other than our planet that has stable liquid on its surface. Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched. 255 MB) JPEG (285. The discoveries and new insights provided by. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft after studying Saturn, its rings and moons for more than 12 years, has entered in the final year of its epic voyage. Since 2004, Cassini has. NASA plans to launch two new robotic missions to Venus, DAVINCI + and VERITAS, at the cost of around USD 500 million each. 3 million miles) from Tethys and at a Sun-Tethys-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 21 degrees. Cassini’s recent close flybys are. Gaganyaan Mission Explained for UPSC Exam. The Cassini orbiter has 12 instruments and the Huygens probe had six. Researchers have concluded that there may be unknown. Unmanned & Manned Space Mission of ISRO to Space. Messenger, a spacecraft by NASA was sent to map and investigate Mercury. Cassini-Huygens was sent to study Saturn and its moons. A joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Cassini is a sophisticated robotic spacecraft orbiting the ringed planet and studying the Saturnian system in detail. She was an imaging scientist on the Voyager mission to the outer planets and the leader of. 15. This image produced several scientific discoveries, including two previously unknown rings. Deep space maneuvers: August/September 2012. UPSC Mains 2023: Paper IV UPSC Mains 2023: Paper III UPSC Mains 2023: Paper II UPSC Mains 2023: Paper I UPSC Mains 2023: Essay Paper. The 5. About the mission. The mission ended in 2017. The mission was launched by NASA in 1997 and orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017, circling the planet 294 times. Statement 2: Cassini is the first probe to enter the orbit of Saturn. The spacecraft has returned remarkable images and readings of Saturn, its rings and. A. Voyager 1 and 2 : Exploring the outer solar system. The mission ended in 2017. Why in News. More. A view of Saturn from Cassini on March 19, 2016. NASA's Cassini spacecraft has sent to Earth its first views of Saturn’s atmosphere since beginning the latest phase of its mission. 1. When e = 0, the ellipse is a circle. Having expended almost every bit of the rocket propellant it carried to Saturn, operators deliberately plunged Cassini into the planet to ensure Saturn’s moons remain pristine for future exploration—in particular, the ice-covered, ocean-bearing moon NASA’s Cassini spacecraft: Findings: NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has made the following discoveries in the moons of Saturn by flying through their plumes: Titan has methane in its atmosphere. After 13 years exploring Saturn, the probe went deep into the planet’s atmosphere for its explosive grand finale. The preliminary examination will be of a qualifying nature, with only one General Studies paper worth 150 marks. Continue on app. Question 102: Which one of the following is a spacecraft? [2008] (a) Apophis (b) Cassini (c) Spitzer (d) TechSar. In this article, let us look at what is Amnesty International, its objectives, guiding principles, Vision and Mission, Structure and the areas of work, Amnesty International India as required for the UPSC Examination since the topic is important from the context of the International Organizations section which is a part of UPSC mains GS. C.